What specific purpose does mammography serve?

Mammography serves the critical purpose of screening and diagnosing breast cancer. This imaging technique utilizes low-energy X-rays to create detailed images of the breast tissue, which can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or calcifications, that may indicate the presence of breast cancer. Early detection through mammography significantly improves the chances of successful treatment, making it an essential tool in women's health.

Other imaging techniques mentioned in the options focus on different medical needs; for instance, assessing organ function with radioactive substances relates more to nuclear medicine, measuring urine levels pertains to urology assessments, and visualizing structures during surgical procedures is tied to modalities like fluoroscopy or ultrasound. Each of these serves important roles in their respective areas but does not align with the specific role that mammography plays in breast cancer detection and diagnosis.